Saturday, May 3, 2008

Description of Movement Types - 2

301 - Transfer posting plant to plant in one step. The quantity is transferred from unrestricted-use stock in the issuing plant to unrestricted-use stock in the receiving plant.Possible special stock indicators: E, O, Q, V, W

303 - Transfer posting plant to plant in two steps - removal from storage. The quantity is transferred from unrestricted-use stock of the issuing plant to stock in transfer in the receiving plant. For technical reasons, you cannot carry out transfer postings from plant to plant in two steps for split valuation materials.Removal from storage can be posted with movement type 603 via Shipping. Possible special stock indicators: None

305 - Transfer posting plant to plant in two steps - placement in storage. The quantity is posted from stock in transfer to unrestricted-use stock in the receiving plant. The movement is not valuated. You can use movement type 605 in Shipping to post the goods receipt with reference to the delivery. Possible special stock indicators: None

309 - Transfer posting material to material. The quantity is posted from unrestricted-use stock of the issuing material into unrestricted-use stock in the receiving material. Prerequisite: both materials have the same stock keeping unit. Possible special stock indicators: E, O, Q, V, W

311 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location in one step. The quantity is transferred from unrestricted-use stock of the issuing storage location to unrestricted use in the receiving storage location. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, M, Q. See also 321, 343, 349, and 455 for other stock types.

313 - Stock transfer storage location to storage location in two steps - removal from storage. The quantity is transferred from unrestricted-use stock of the issuing storage location to stock in transfer in the receiving storage location. Possible special stock indicators: None

315 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location in two steps - placement in storage. In the receiving storage location, the quantity is transferred from the stock in transfer to the unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators:None

317 - Creation of a structured material from constituent components (Retail). A material split into its components using movement type 319 can be rejoined using movement type 317. Movement type 317 has the same effect as a cancellation of movement type 319. Possible special stock indicators: None

319 - Split structured material into components (Retail). You can enter the splitting of a structured material manually using movement type 319. You can configure Customizing so that a structured material (for example, aset, prepack, or display is automatically split into its components at goods receipt. The system posts the split using movement type 319. In this process, the BOM header material is posted and each of the component stocks are increased. You can also use this function if you use the Warehouse Management System (LE-WM). Possible special stock indicators: None.
Example: A box of the structured material S contains 3 pieces of the component K1 and 4 pieces of the component K2. The following material document items result after the material is split at goods receipt: Qty Unit Material Movement type1 box S 101 +1 box S 319 -4 piece K1 319 +5 piece K2 319 +321 - Transfer posting stock in quality inspection - unrestricted-use stock. The quantity is transferred from stock in quality inspection into unrestricted-use stock. Here you can post the quantity to another storage location. You cannot use this movement type for QM-managed materials since transfer posting for these materials takes place via the usage decision. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, O, Q, V, W

323 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location - stock in quality inspection. The quantity is transferred from stock in quality inspection in the issuing storage location into stock in quality inspection in the receiving storage location. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

325 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location - blocked stock. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock in the issuing storage location into blocked stock in the receiving storage location. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

331 - Withdrawal of sample from stock in quality inspection. The sample is destructive, that is, the withdrawal has the same effects as scrapping.Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q, V, W

333 - Withdrawal of sample from unrestricted-use stock. The sample is destructive, that is, the withdrawal has the same effects as scrapping. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q, V, W

335 - Withdrawal of sample from blocked stock. The sample is destructive, that is, the withdrawal has the same effects as scrapping. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

340 - Revaluation of batch. Using this movement type, you can change a batch's valuation type. The system automatically calls up this movement type when you want to revaluate a batch by choosing Logistics -> Central Functions -> Batch Management -> Batch -> Change (transaction code MSC2N). There is no reversal movement type. Possible special stock indicators: E, Q

341 - Change in status of a batch (available to unavailable). This goods movement is automatically created when there is a change in the status of a batch and it is also used to transfer the unrestricted-use stock into restricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, M, O, Q, V, W

343 - Transfer posting blocked stock - unrestricted-use stock. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock to unrestricted-use stock. You can also post the quantity to another storage location. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

349 - Transfer posting from blocked stock to stock in quality inspection. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock to stock in quality inspection. Here you can transfer the quantity to another storage location. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

351 - Goods issue for a stock transport order (without Shipping). The quantity is transferred from unrestricted-use stock in the issuing plant to stock in transit in the receiving plant. Movement type 351 is only used if the goods issue is posted without a delivery in Shipping. A goods issue for a stock transport order with delivery in Shipping is posted using movement types 641, 643, 645, or 647. The transfer posting is also possible for materials with split valuation. The goods issue for a stock transport order takes place using movement type 101. Possible special stock indicators: E, Q. For special stock indicators E and Q and for purchase orders assigned to an account, ensure that the quantity is not posted to the stock in transit in the receiving plant.

411 - Transfer posting of special stocks E, K, and Q to company's own stock. The quantity is transferred from unrestricted-use special stock E (sales order stock), unrestricted-use stock K (consignment stock) and unrestricted-use special stock Q (project stock) to unrestricted-use storage location stock. The corresponding special stock indicator is required for this movement. If you do not use the special stock indicator, the system uses this movement type and movement type 311. For sales order stock, you can change the material number for this movement if you manage the material in your company's own stock under a different material number (for example, for configurable materials). Consignment stock is transferred to valuated stock, thus resulting in a vendor liability.

413 - Transfer posting to sales order stock. You can use this movement type to carry out a transfer posting from your own unrestricted-use stock, other sales order stock, consignment stock, and project stock to a sales order stock. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

415 - Transfer posting to project stock. You can use this movement type to carry out a transfer posting from your own unrestricted-use stock, consignment stock, and other project stock to a project stock. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

441 - Transfer posting non-tied to tied empties. Part of the stock of an "empties" material assigned to a full product is managed in the stock type "tied empties". Empties stock not assigned to a full product forms part of the stock type "unrestricted-use". Using movement type 441, you can make a transfer posting for an empties material from the stock type "unrestricted-use" to the stock type "tied empties". Movement type 442 reverses this transaction.
Example: The full product "beer" has a stock of 15 cases. Part of the empties components "bottle" and "case" is tied empties stock. Material unrestricted-use tied empties Beer 15 Bottle 240 360case 10 15.

451 - Returns from customer (without Shipping). Using movement type 451, you post customer returns without a returns delivery in Shipping into blocked stock returns. Possible special stock indicators: None. See also: 453, 651, 653

453 - Transfer posting blocked stock returns to unrestricted-use stock. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock returns to unrestricted-use stock and thereby transferred to valuated stock. With this movement you can transfer the quantity to another storage location at the same time. Possible special stock indicators: None

455 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location - blocked stock returns. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock returns of the issuing storage location to blocked stock returns of the receiving storage location. Possible special stock indicators: None

457 - Transfer posting blocked stock returns to quality inspection stock. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock returns to quality inspection stock and thereby transferred to valuated stock. With this movement you can transfer the quantity to another storage location at the same time. Possible special stock indicators: None

459 - Transfer posting blocked stock returns to blocked stock. The quantity is transferred from blocked stock returns to blocked stock and thereby transferred to valuated stock. With this movement you can transfer the quantity to another storage location at the same time. Possible special stock indicators: None

Wednesday, April 30, 2008

Description of Movement Types -1

Below you will find a short description of the standard movement types. The reversal movement type is the movement type + 1 (reversal of 101 = 102).

101 - Goods receipt for purchase order or order. If the purchase order or order has not been assigned to an account, a stock type (unrestricted-use stock, stock in quality inspection, blocked stock) can be entered during goods receipt. If the purchase order or order has been assigned to an account, the goods receipt is not posted to the warehouse, but to consumption. In the case of non-valuated materials, the goods receipt is posted to the warehouse, although the purchase order has not been assigned to an account. Possible special stock indicators: • K Goods receipt for purchase order to consignment stock • O Goods receipt for purchase order to stock of material provided to vendor • E GR for purchase order or order to sales order stock • Q GR for purchase order or order to project stock. Goods receipt forsubcontract order: at goods receipt, the consumption of the components is posted at the same time (see movement type 543) Goods receipt forstock transport order: at goods receipt the transported quantity is posted in the receiving plant from stock in transit into unrestricted-use stock (stock in quality inspection or blocked stock).

103 - Goods receipt for purchase order into GR blocked stock. You cannot receive goods into goods receipt blocked stock for stock transport orders. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

105 - Release from GR blocked stock for purchase order. Movement type 105 has the same effects as 101. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

121 - Subsequent adjustment for subcontracting. This movement type cannot be entered manually. With a subsequent adjustment for a subcontract order it is possible to correct the consumption of components. In this case, the material produced by the supplier is credited with the excess consumption / under-consumption. For this reason, if there is a subsequent adjustment, an item is generated for the produced material using movement type 121. Movement type 121 does not have a reversal movement type. Possible special stock indicators: O, E, Q

122 - Return delivery to supplier or to production. Using movement type 122, you can distinguish real return deliveries for a purchase order or order from cancellations (102). In the standard version, you must enter a reason for the return delivery if you are using movement type 122. This enables you to carry out evaluations for return deliveries. The effects of movement type 122 correspond to a cancellation of movement type 101. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

123 - Reversal of return delivery. If you returned a goods receipt using movement type 122, you can reverse the return delivery using movement type 123. This movement type has the same effects as movement type 101. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

124 - Return delivery to vendor from GR blocked stock. Using movement type 124, you can return a goods receipt to GR blocked stock ( 103). Movement type 124 has the same effects as movement type 104. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

125 - Return delivery from GR blocked stock - reversal. If you returned a goods receipt to GR blocked stock using movement type 124 , you can reverse the return delivery using movement type 125. Movement type 125 has the same effects as movement type 103. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

131 - Goods receipt for run schedule header. This movement type cannot be entered manually. It is generated automatically at notification of goods receipt for a run schedule header. Possible special stock indicators: E, Q

141 - Goods receipt for subsequent adjustment for active ingredient. This movement type cannot be entered manually. It is generated automatically upon subsequent adjustment for a proportion/product unit. Subsequent adjustment is necessary if the system finds that there has been excess consumption or under-consumption after a goods receipt posting. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

161 - Return for purchase order. If a purchase order item is marked as a returns item, the returns to vendor are posted using movement type 161 when the goods receipt for purchase order ( 101) is posted. Movement type 161 has the same effects as movement type 122. Possible special stock indicators: K, O, E, Q

201 - Goods issue for a cost center. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators:• K: Goods withdrawal from consignment stock • P: Goods withdrawal from the pipeline. If you have withdrawals from consignment stock and from pipeline, payables to suppliers ensue.

221 - Goods issue for a project. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators: K, Q

231 - Goods issue for a customer order (without Shipping). You use this movement type if you want to process the delivery without Shipping. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, Q

241 - Goods issue for an asset. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators: K

251 - Goods issue for sales (without customer order). Use this movement type if you have not entered a customer order in SD. In the standard system, the movement is assigned to a cost center. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators: K

261 - Goods issue for an order. This refers to all withdrawals for orders (for example, DS:GLOS.3526C388AFAB52B9E10000009B38F974>production orders, maintenance orders), with the exception of customer orders. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, P, Q, W. The goods issue can be posted manually in Inventory Management or automatically when an order is confirmed or via a delivery in Shipping.

281 - Goods issue for a network. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. The goods issue can also be posted via a delivery in Shipping. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, P, Q

291 - Goods issue for any arbitrary account assignment. With this movement type, all account assignment fields are ready for input. You can assign the movement to any arbitrary account assignment object. The goods can only be withdrawn from unrestricted-use stock. Possible special stock indicators: E, K, P, Q

Movement Types in PP

101 - Goods receipt for purchase order or order
122 - Return delivery to supplier or to production
131 - Goods receipt for run schedule header
201 - Goods issue for a cost center
251 - Goods issue for sales (without customer order)
261 - Goods issue for an order
301 - Transfer posting plant to plant in one step
311 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location in one step
321 - Quality to UR stock
322 - UR to Quality Stock
323 - Transfer posting storage location to storage location - stock in quality inspection
333 - Withdrawal of sample from unrestricted-use stock
451 - Returns from customer
501 - Goods receipt without purchase order - unrestricted-use stock
523 - Goods receipt without order - stock in quality inspection
531 - Goods receipt from by-product from the order

Shop Floor Control

The Shop Floor Control (SFC) is concerned with the detailed management of activities and the flow of materials inside the plant - including the workers, materials, machines and time utilized in production.
The SFC activity starts after the Planning is done in APO/ MRP or any other ERP system and once the Planned Orders and Purchase Requisitions gets created.
· Planned Orders
· Conversion of Planned Order to Process/ Production Orders
· Production/ Process Order Scheduling
· Capacity Requirements Planning
· Material Availability Check
· Release of Production/ Process Order
· Material Withdrawals
· Order Confirmation
· Goods Receipt
· Order Settlement
From the Risk and Security perspective, the term Shop Floor Control could also mean the process of identifying and assessing the vulnerabilities and the risks due to the environment, people, process and the Technology at the shop floor level. Based on this assessment, appropriate control measures are taken to keep the risks at the minimum acceptable level. The examples of the controls are Fire detection and prevention, Environmental controls [HVAC], safety controls, the access and the process controls.

PP Planned Independent Requirements Tables

PBIM - INDEPENDENT REQUIREMENTS FOR MATERIAL
PBED - INDEPENDENT REQUIREMENT DATA
PBHI - INDEPENDENT REQUIREMENT HISTORY
PBIV - INDEPENDENT REQUIREMENT INDEX
PBIC - INDEPENDENT REQUIREMENT INDEX FOR CUSTOMER REQ.

PP Capacity Planning Tables

KBKO - HEADER RECORD FOR CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS
KBED - CAPACITY REQUIREMENTS RECORDS
KBEZ - ADD. DATA FOR TABLE KBED(FOR INDIV. CAPACITIES/SPLITS

PP Kanban Tables

PKPS - KANBAN IDENTIFICATION, CONTROL CYCLE
PKHD - KANBAN CONTROL CYCLE (HEADER DATA)
PKER - ERROR LOG FOR KANBAN CONTAINERS

PP Planned Order Tables

PLAF - PLANNED ORDERS

PP Production Order Tables

AUFK - PRODUCTION ORDER HEADERS
AFIH - MAINTENANCE ORDER HEADER
AUFM - GOODS MOVEMENT FOR PRODUCTION ORDER
AFKO - ORDER HEADER DATA PP ORDERS
AFPO - ORDER ITEM
RESB - ORDER COMPONENTS
AFVC - ORDER OPERATIONS
AFVV - QUANTITIES/DATES/VALUES IN THE OPERATION
AFVU - USER FIELDS OF THE OPERATION
AFFL - WORK ORDER SEQUENCE
AFFH - PRT ASSIGNMENT DATA FOR THE WORK ORDER(ROUTING)
JSTO - STATUS PROFILE
JEST - OBJECT STATUS
AFRU - ORDER COMPLETION CONFIRMATIONS

PP BOM Tables

STKO - BOM HEADER
STAS - BOMS ITEM SELECTION
STPO - BOM ITEM
STPN - BOM FOLLOW UP CONTROL
STPU - BOM SUB ITEM
STZU - PERMANENT BOM DATA
PLMZ - ALLOCATION OF BOM - ITEMS TO OPERATIONS
MAST - MATERIAL TO BOM LINK
KDST - SALES ORDER TO BOM LINK

PP Routing Tables

MAPL - ALLOCATION OF TASK LISTS TO MATERIALS
PLAS - TASK LIST- SELECTION OF OPERATIONS/ACTIVITIES
PLFH - TASK LIST- PRODUCTION RESOURCES/TOOLS
PLFL - TASK LIST- SEQUENCES
PLKO - TASK LIST- HEADER
PLKZ - TASK LIST: MAIN HEADER
PLPH - PHASES/SUBOPERATIONS
PLPO - TASK LIST OPERATION/ACTIVITY
PLPR - LOG COLLECTOR FOR TASK LISTS
PLMZ - ALLOCATION OF BOM ITEMS TO OPERATIONS

PP Work Center Tables

CRHD - WORK CENTER HEADER
CRHH - WORK CENTER HIERARCHY
CRHS - HIERARCHY STRUCTURE
CRTX - TEXT FOR THE WORK CENTER OR PRODUCTION RESOURCE/TOOL
CRCO - ASSIGNMENT OF WORK CENTER TO COST CENTER
KAKO - CAPACITY HEADER SEGMENT
CRCA - WORK CENTER CAPACITY ALLOCATION
TC24 - PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR THE WORK CENTER

Production Planning Scenario


List of PP Transport Request & their IMG paths

List of PP Transport Request and their IMG Path
1) Define Distribution Keys IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Master Data > Material List > Item Data > Item Data from related areas > Define Distribution Keys
2) Determine Person responsible for Resource – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Master Data > Resource > General Data > Determine Person responsible
3Define Planner Group- IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Master Data > Master Recipe > Define Capacity Planner
4) Define Capacity Planner – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Master Data > Resource > Capacity Requirement Planning > Determine Capacity Planner
5) Determine Standard Value Parameter – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Master Data > Resource > General Data > Standard Value > Define Parameter
6) Define Setup Groups and Setup Group Categories Define set up groups and set up categories – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Master Data > Master Recipe > Data for operations and phases > Define set up groups and set up group categories
7) Define copy setting between plants-Process IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Management > Tools > Define copy setting between plants
8) Define Set up Control Recipe destination – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Management > Control Recipe/PI sheet > Set up control recipe destination
9) Define MRP controller – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Master Data > Define MRP controller
10) Special Procurement – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Master Data > Define Special procurement types
11) Define Floats (Scheduled Margin Key)- IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > Define Floats (Scheduled Margin Key)
12) Define Splitting of Forecast requirements for MRP- IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Evaluation > Forecast > Define Splitting of forecast requirements of MRP
13) Maintain Correction Factors for Forecast IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > Procurement > Maintain Correction factors for forecast
14) Carry Out Overall Maintenance of Plant Parameters Maintaining plant parameters in MRP – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Plant Parameters > Carry out overall maintenance of plant parameters
15) Define Planning Horizon Define Planning Horizon – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > MRP calculation > Define Planning Horizon
16) Activate Requirement Planning – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > Activate Requirement Planning
17) Define Range of Coverage Profiles (Dynamic Safety Stock) Range of coverage profile – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > MRP calculation > Define range of coverage profile (Dynamic Safety Stock)
18) Define Stock in Transfer and Blocked Stock Availability IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > MRP calculation > Stocks > Define Stock in transfer and blocked stock
19) Define MRP Areas IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Master Data > MRP areas > Define MRP areas
20) Carry out maintenance of MRP groups IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > MRP groups> Carry out maintenance of MRP groups
21) Define Scope of total Planning - MRP IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > Define Scope of total Planning
22) Define Order Types Define Order Type- IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Master Data > Order > Define Order Type
23) Define Order Type Dependent parameters – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Master Data > Order > Define Order Type Dependent parameters 24) Define Production Scheduler – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Master Data > Bill of Material > Define Production Scheduler
25) Define Checking Control - Process Order Define Availability Check – Define Checking Control – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > Availability Check > Define Checking Control
26) Define Checking Rule for backorder processing – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > Availability Check > Define Checking rule for back order processing
27) Define Stock and batch determination for good movement – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > Define Stock and batch determination for good movement
28) Specify Scheduling Parameters Specify Scheduling Parameters – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > Scheduling > Specify Scheduling Parameters
29) Define Reduction Strategies Define Reduction Strategy – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > Scheduling > Resource data > Define Reduction Strategy
30) Define Confirmation Parameters Define Order Confirmation – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > Confirmation > Define Confirmation Parameters
31) Define Valuation of Goods Received Define valuation of goods receive – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Integration > Define Valuation of goods received
32) MRP creation indicator – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > Define creation indicator
33) Define safety stock – IMG > Material Management > Consumption based Planning > Planning > MRP calculation > Stocks > Define Safety Stocks
34) Define alternative determination of Production – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Operations > BOM selection > Define alternate determination of production
35) Define no. ranges – IMG > Production Planning for Process Industries > Process Order > Master data > Order > Number Ranges > Define number ranges for orders

Project Phases

Project Phases

Preparation
1. Set up a team responsible for the user roles and the authorization concept.
2. Identify the business areas affected and their special security requirements.
3. Plan security requirements for production, test and development environments. User in different system needs different level of access. For example a developer in Development system need border access where as he only need display access in Production.
4. Schedule training for the team member, so that they now how roles and authorization works. 5. The team members must be familiar with the basic principles of the SAP authorization concept and the available control and administration tools. The members responsible for implementation must be able to use the Profile Generator.

Analysis and Design
1. Specification of the role and authorization concept.
2. Identify required roles. Determine task profiles based on the organization chart and a business process analysis. Check if SAP role templates can be used.
3. Specify relevant applications functions (transactions, reports, Web links) to the roles. Make any required adjustments if role templates are used.
4. Specify if the roles are higher-level roles or specific role; that is, if they are subject to any restrictions resulting from organizational or application-specific control mechanisms.
5. Identify required composite and individual roles for implementing the roles and the authorization concept.
6. Check the role and authorization concept. To detect any shortcomings in conception before actual implementation, SAP recommends that you create a prototype of the concept.

Implementation
1. From a technical point of view, user roles are implemented as composite roles using the Profile Generator. Composite roles consist of individual and composite roles that each contain the relevant authorizations and menu data. Authorizations specify the scope of access to data and functions. User menus use hierarchical structures to specify the access path to the transactions, reports and Internet pages released for a specific user.
2. You create user roles in the following way:
3. Create individual roles: Individual roles either describe higher-level functions that are independent of organizational or application-specific restrictions or are used as templates for creating derived roles that are not subject to any restrictions.
4. Having checked the individual roles used as the derivation basis, you create the derived roles. These contain the desired organizational or application-specific restrictions. For each responsibility area, you create a derived role from an existing individual role.
5. Finally, the composite roles are created from the implemented individual and derived roles as the technical counterparts of the user roles.

QA
1. To ensure that productive operation is not affected, it is important to thoroughly test the user roles in connection with the authorizations before you switch over to production. In addition, the responsible area manager must approve of the role and authorization concept implemented.
2. To standardize the test, the relevant process flows must be determined and published. You should use predefined test scenarios that cover all business processes implemented.
3. The test scenarios should include both positive and negative checks of the authorizations of the individual roles. The positive test checks whether the functions are executed as desired, while the negative test must confirm that all restrictions defined are observed. For example, a human resources administrator can display the users for a specific work center, but not the records for other work centers. The test scenarios must cover all functions that are to be performed by a user role.
4. If a function cannot be called during the test, you must correct the user roles and the authorization concept. Note that changes may affect several (derived) roles. In extreme cases, you must revise the entire role and authorization concept.
5. You may also be required to modify the user menus in order to simplify access to the functions. To ensure that the system becomes more user-friendly, the project team responsible should closely cooperate with the representatives of the relevant business areas.

After fine-tuning the user roles, you must repeat the tests as often as necessary until the user roles implemented completely comply with the security and usability requirements

Cutover
1. Before you create the productive users, you must configure central user management and create the master records for user management in your production environment.
2. To simplify the creation of the individual user master records, you first create model records. These model records are used as copy templates for the records of the productive users. In the central system, create a user master record for each role specified in the company-wide role matrix (authorization list). If a role is subdivided into several responsibility areas that are subject to organizational restrictions (company code, cost center, plant, and so on) or application-specific control mechanisms (for example, FI authorization groups), you must create a separate record for each responsibility area. Be sure to maintain the additional data (parameters, printers, and so on).
3. After consulting the area managers (data owners), define the roles for each user. Consider that some users may have several roles or different roles in various logical systems (clients). Enter the assignments in a user and role matrix.
4. To create a master record for a user, you copy the model record for the relevant role and customize this record as required.
5. Get the final approval of the area managers with regard to the users created and communicate all access-relevant data (system, client, ID, and password) to the end-users.